Proximal phalanx of second toe: anatomy, location and function

What it is

The first and longest phalanx of the second toe (second digit of the foot).

Location

Its base articulates with the head of the metatarsal at the metatarsophalangeal joint, and its head with the middle phalanx.

Function

Forms the base of the toe and helps with push-off and balance during walking.

Body system

Skeletal · paired (left and right)

FMA ID

FMA32634 (Foundational Model of Anatomy)

Key facts

• The four lesser toes each have three phalanges; the big toe has two.
• The first and second dorsal interossei insert on its medial and lateral sides; the second toe is the reference axis for abduction and adduction of the toes.
• The extensor digitorum longus and brevis tendons join over its dorsum to form the extensor expansion.

The nearest named structures in the 3D model, measured from the centre of each part:

• Proximal phalanx of third toe · skeletal
• Middle phalanx of second toe · skeletal
• Proximal phalanx of big toe · skeletal
• Middle phalanx of third toe · skeletal
• Distal phalanx of big toe · skeletal
• Proximal phalanx of fourth toe · skeletal
• Middle phalanx of fourth toe · skeletal
• Distal phalanx of second toe · skeletal
• Sesamoid bone of foot · skeletal
• Transverse head of adductor hallucis · muscular